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            <h1 style="display: none">docker学习笔记</h1>
            
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                  本文最后更新于：2020年10月5日 下午
                
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<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.docker.com/">docker官方文档</a></p>
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<h2 id="一、-安装及加速"><a href="#一、-安装及加速" class="headerlink" title="一、 安装及加速"></a>一、 安装及加速</h2><p>安装适用于ubuntu,其他系统请参考官方文档。基础配置及加速通用。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter hljs"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><code class="hljs shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 安装（根据系统自行选择方式）</span><br>sudo apt install docker.io<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看版本</span><br>docker -v<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 配置docker镜像加速</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 阿里云镜像获取地址：https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors，登陆后，左侧菜单选中镜像加速器就可以看到你的专属地址了</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 按照页面的操作文档配置加速</span><br>sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker<br><br>sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json &lt;&lt;-&#x27;EOF&#x27;<br>&#123;<br>  &quot;registry-mirrors&quot;: [&quot;https://改为你的加速器地址.mirror.aliyuncs.com&quot;]<br>&#125;<br>EOF<br><br>sudo systemctl daemon-reload<br><br>sudo systemctl restart docker<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 下载 Docker 图形化界面 portainer</span><br>sudo docker pull portainer/portainer<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 创建 portainer 容器</span><br>sudo docker volume create portainer_data<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 运行 portainer(需要9000端口没有被占用，如被占用，自行更换第一个宿主机端口)</span><br>sudo docker run -d -p 9000:9000 --name portainer --restart always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock -v portainer_data:/data portainer/portainer<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 浏览器输入ip:9000登录图形管理界面</span><br></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="二、-基础命令"><a href="#二、-基础命令" class="headerlink" title="二、 基础命令"></a>二、 基础命令</h2><h3 id="2-1-安装、启动及停止"><a href="#2-1-安装、启动及停止" class="headerlink" title="2.1 安装、启动及停止"></a>2.1 安装、启动及停止</h3><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter hljs"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><code class="hljs SH"><span class="hljs-comment"># 安装命令：</span><br>apt-get install docker.io<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 关闭docker服务，命令：</span><br>service docker stop<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 启动docker 服务，命令：</span><br>service docker start<br></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="2-2-常用命令"><a href="#2-2-常用命令" class="headerlink" title="2.2 常用命令"></a>2.2 常用命令</h3><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter hljs"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><code class="hljs SH"><span class="hljs-comment"># 查看docker版本，命令：</span><br>docker version<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 搜索可用docker镜像，命令：如搜索mysql</span><br>docker search mysql<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 下载容器镜像，命令：如拉取mysql镜像</span><br>docker pull mysql<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 查看docker镜像及镜像id，命令：</span><br>docker images<br><br><span class="hljs-comment"># 运行一个容器，命令：基于mysql镜像运行一个容器(需要3310端口没有被占用，如被占用，自行更换第一个宿主机端口)</span><br>docker run --name firstMysql -p 3310:3306 -e MYSQL\_ROOT\_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql<br></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><a href="#3-1-docker-run命令参数">跳转到docker run的命令参数详解</a></p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter hljs"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><code class="hljs SHELL"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看在运行的容器，及容器id，命令：</span><br>docker ps<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看所有容器（包括未运行的容器）及容器id，命令:</span><br>docker ps -a<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 停止一个容器，命令：</span><br>docker stop 容器id<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 删除一个容器（正在运行的容器，必须先停止才能删除），命令：</span><br>docker rm 容器id<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 删除一个镜像（镜像下有容器，必须先删除容器，才能删除镜像），命令：</span><br>docker rmi 镜像id<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 启动所有容器，命令：</span><br>docker start $(docker ps -a | awk &#x27;&#123; print $1&#125;&#x27; | tail -n +2)<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 关闭所有容器，命令：</span><br>docker stop $(docker ps -a | awk &#x27;&#123; print $1&#125;&#x27; | tail -n +2)<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 删除所有容器，命令：</span><br>docker rm $(docker ps -a | awk &#x27;&#123; print $1&#125;&#x27; | tail -n +2)<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 删除所有镜像（先关闭所有的容器，再删除所有容器，才能删除所有镜像），命令：</span><br>docker rmi $(docker images | awk &#x27;&#123;print $3&#125;&#x27; |tail -n +2)<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看镜像详细信息，命令：</span><br>docker inspect 镜像id<br><span class="hljs-meta"></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 进入运行的容器修改相关参数</span><br>docker exec -it 容器名称 bash<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 其中bash为进入容器后执行的命令。</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 其中  -d :分离模式: 在后台运行</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">       -i :即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">       -t :分配一个伪终端</span><br><br></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="三、-进阶命令"><a href="#三、-进阶命令" class="headerlink" title="三、 进阶命令"></a>三、 进阶命令</h2><h3 id="3-1-docker-run命令参数"><a href="#3-1-docker-run命令参数" class="headerlink" title="3.1 docker run命令参数"></a>3.1 docker run命令参数</h3><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter hljs"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br></pre></div></td><td class="code"><div class="hljs code-wrapper"><pre><code class="hljs SH">Usage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]<br><br>-d, --detach=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>     指定容器运行于前台还是后台，默认为<span class="hljs-literal">false</span><br>-i, --interactive=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>    打开STDIN，用于控制台交互<br>-t, --tty=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>            分配tty设备，该可以支持终端登录，默认为<span class="hljs-literal">false</span><br>-u, --user=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>              指定容器的用户<br>-a, --attach=[]            登录容器（必须是以docker run -d启动的容器）  <br>-w, --workdir=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>           指定容器的工作目录<br>-c, --cpu-shares=0         设置容器CPU权重，在CPU共享场景使用<br>-e, --env=[]               指定环境变量，容器中可以使用该环境变量<br>-m, --memory=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>            指定容器的内存上限<br>-P, --publish-all=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>    指定容器暴露的端口<br>-p, --publish=[]           指定容器暴露的端口<br>-h, --hostname=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>          指定容器的主机名<br>-v, --volume=[]            给容器挂载存储卷，挂载到容器的某个目录<br>--volumes-from=[]          给容器挂载其他容器上的卷，挂载到容器的某个目录  <br>--cap-add=[]               添加权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities<br>--cap-drop=[]              删除权限，权限清单详见：http://linux.die.net/man/7/capabilities<br>--cidfile=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>               运行容器后，在指定文件中写入容器PID值，一种典型的监控系统用法<br>--cpuset=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>                设置容器可以使用哪些CPU，此参数可以用来容器独占CPU<br>--device=[]                添加主机设备给容器，相当于设备直通<br>--dns=[]                   指定容器的dns服务器<br>--dns-search=[]            指定容器的dns搜索域名，写入到容器的/etc/resolv.conf文件<br>--entrypoint=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>            覆盖image的入口点<br>--env-file=[]              指定环境变量文件，文件格式为每行一个环境变量<br>--expose=[]                指定容器暴露的端口，即修改镜像的暴露端口<br>--link=[]                  指定容器间的关联，使用其他容器的IP、env等信息<br>--lxc-conf=[]              指定容器的配置文件，只有在指定--exec-driver=lxc时使用<br>--name=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>                  指定容器名字，后续可以通过名字进行容器管理，links特性需要使用名字<br>--net=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;bridge&quot;</span>             容器网络设置:  <br>                              bridge 使用docker daemon指定的网桥<br>                              host    //容器使用主机的网络<br>                              container:NAME_or_ID  &gt;//使用其他容器的网路，共享IP和PORT等网络资源<br>                              none 容器使用自己的网络（类似--net=bridge），但是不进行配置<br>--privileged=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>         指定容器是否为特权容器，特权容器拥有所有的capabilities<br>--restart=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;no&quot;</span>             指定容器停止后的重启策略:  <br>                              no：容器退出时不重启<br>                              on-failure：容器故障退出（返回值非零）时重启<br>                              always：容器退出时总是重启<br>--rm=<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>                 指定容器停止后自动删除容器(不支持以docker run -d启动的容器)<br>--sig-proxy=<span class="hljs-literal">true</span>           设置由代理接受并处理信号，但是SIGCHLD、SIGSTOP和SIGKILL不能被代理<br></code></pre></div></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="3-2-进入docker容器及拷贝"><a href="#3-2-进入docker容器及拷贝" class="headerlink" title="3.2 进入docker容器及拷贝"></a>3.2 进入docker容器及拷贝</h3><p>一：如何进入docker容器？比较简答的方法如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>首先<code>docker ps</code>查看容器id；</li>
<li>假设容器id前5位是<code>faf2b</code>，执行<code>docker exec -it faf2b /bin/bash</code>，就进入了容器内部。</li>
</ol>
<p>二：如何向容器内拷贝文件？</p>
<ol>
<li>首先<code>docker ps</code>查看容器id；</li>
<li>假设容器id前5位是<code>faf2b</code>，执行<code>docker cp /root/拷贝的文件名 faf2b:/home/其余路径</code></li>
<li><code>docker exec -it faf2b /bin/bash</code>，进入容器查看文件是否拷贝成功。</li>
</ol>
<p>未完待续。。。</p>
<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://odcn.top/2019/02/13/2529/">Docker run命令参数中文介绍</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lb5wFaquqas">Play with Docker，second round，hands on</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&v=lb5wFaquqas&redir_token=-EHPdTiyLT7PYyQ3D_AubsTWnFd8MTU4ODUwMTg2OUAxNTg4NDE1NDY5&q=https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1dqNUrMf9n7i3y1aSh68U5Yf44WQ3KCuh">eSirPG on googleDrive with play openwrt</a></p>

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